（王国栋，2004：702—10）
把在正常语序中的谓语中的一部分或整个谓语移到主语前面的现象称为倒装，这是狭义上的倒装(inversion in a narrow sense)。
Ⅰ. 全部倒装(full inversion)（主谓倒装）
1. 地方状语（如there, here）、时间状语(then, now)、方式状语(thus, hence)位于句首，谓语为come, go, be等短词，主语很长，是名词词组而不是代词时，要全倒装；但如果主语是代词，因为代词很短，就不用倒装。
△ Here are some letters for you to type.
这里有几封信，你用打字机打一下。
但：Here you are. There it is.（主语是代词，主语很短就不用倒装）
2. 方位副词(in, out, up, down, away, off, back等）及象声词(bang等)位于句首时表示出乎意料，要全倒装。
△ Out flew a bird from teacher’s chalk-box.
突然从老师的粉笔盒中飞出来一只小鸟。
（正常语序：A bird flew out from the teacher’s chalk-box.）
但：Away she went. 她突然走了。（代词作主语不用倒装）
3. 介词短语作状语位于句首，主语比谓语长要用全倒装。
△ In this chapter will be found a partial answer.
在这一章里你会发现部分答案。
Ⅱ. 部分倒装(partial inversion)（助词倒装）
1. 否定词、否定词组或半否定词位于句首，要用局部倒装，或叫部分倒装，或叫半倒装。
no, not, never, nor, neither, none, nothing, nowhere/noplace, no more, no longer, little, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, in no case, in no way, at no time, no sooner, not only, under no excuses, on no account, on/under no consideration, not without reason, not until, by no means, in vain, not a (single) word, not for the world, not a soul, not infrequently, not often…位于句首时要用半倒装。
△ Never have I been abroad before.
我从来没到过国外。
△ On no account must we give up.
我们决不放弃/我们决不投降。
2. only 位于句首，若不是修饰主语，则引起倒装：only this way只有这样（引导方式副词从句）, only when（引导时间副词从句）, only if（引导条件副词从句）, only by chance, only by luck, only then, only today, only later, only on a rare occasion, only with difficulty, only by, only once, only the time…
△ Only later did they realize what a terrible thing it was.
只有到后来他们才意识到那是多么可怕的一个东西。
△ Only when you need books, can you think them insufficient.
书到用时方恨少。
△ Only in this way is it possible to explain their actions.
惟有这样才能解释他们的可怕行为。
△ Only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
只有一次我感到害怕。
△ Only by hard study and much patience can one master a foreign language.
只有靠努力学习和坚忍不拔的意志才能掌握外语。
注：
Only等虽然位于句首，修饰主语时则不用倒装。
△ Only a nation f educated people could remain free.
—— T. Jefferson
只有受过教育的人民所组成的国家才能永远是一个自由之邦。
3. 程度/结果副词从句的倒装：
（1）so, such, often位于句首时要用半倒装：
△ Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.
他常告诫我们不要触动有毒的化学品。
（2）但so, such虽然位于句首，修饰主语时则不用倒装。
△ So few people came to the meeting that it was adjourned.
很少有人来开会，以致不得不休会。
（3）带such, so的词组位于句首时，也要用半倒装。常用的带such, so的词组有：to such an extent, to such a degree, to such extremes, to such length, to such a point, so much, so many, such…
△ So much does he worry about his position that he cannot sleep at night.
他对自己的地位很担心以致夜里睡不着。
4. 让步副词从句的倒装：
（1）“形容词/分词/名词/副词/实义动词+as/though/that所引导的从句（主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词）”要用半倒装。也有人主张这种句型叫“表语提前”，不叫“倒装”。表语是谓语的一部分是广义的倒装。
△ Wealthy though he is, I don’t envy him.
尽管他很富有，可我并不羡慕他。
△ Search that/though/as they would, they could find nothing in the house.
由他们去搜吧，他们在这房子里什么也找不到。
（2）Were/Had/Should+主语+其他=Even if…即虚拟语气句子中省略if，要倒装。
△ Were the danger even greater, I should feel compelled to go.
危险再大，我也觉得非去不可。（与现在相反）
（3）Be+主语+ever so+形容词=No matter wh-词+形容词+主语+may be。
△ Be a man ever so clever, he knows nothing if he doesn’t learn.
人不论多聪明，不学就无知。
（4）Be+主语+表语or表语=No matter/whether…or…
△ Be he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.
不论他是敌是友，法律认为他是罪犯。
（5）实义动词+wh-词+will/may=No matter+wh-词+will/may+动词
△ Come what may, I will try it.
不论发生什么事，我都要试试看。
△Go where you will, you cannot succeed without perseverance.
不论做什么，没有坚忍不拔的意志都不会成功。
（6）“实义动词+as/though/that+主语+情态动词”
△ Try as he might, Tom couldn’t get out of the difficulty.
不管汤姆怎么努力，还是摆脱不了困境。
注：如果从句中没有情态助动词，则需加do的适当时态。
△ Try as he did, he couldn’t remember a word of it.
尽管他冥思苦想，可连一个词儿也想不起来。
5. 条件副词从句的倒装：
（1）Were/Had/Should+主语+(not)其他成分=If+主语+were/had/should+(not)其他成分
△ Had you not told me about the matter, I should never have known the whole thing.
这事你若不告诉我， 我就永远也不会知道这全过程。
（2）Were it not for+名词=If it were not for…
Had it not been for+名词=If it hadn’t been for…（注意：not在been 前）
△ Were it not been for their assistance, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties.
若是没有他们帮助，我们就不会克服这些困难。
6. 原因副词从句的倒装：
（1）表语+as/that+主语+be：
△ Tired that he was, he went to bed early.
因为它累了，他很早就上床睡了。
（2）表语为-ing分词，主语后用do；表语为-d, -t, -n分词，主语后面用be：
△ Realizing as I do that I’ll be very much occupied in the afternoon, I must send off all these letters this morning.
考虑到下午我会有很多事要做，所以今天上午我 必须把这些信都寄出去。
（3）therefore位于句首，常引起半倒装（但在现代英语中也可以不倒装）：
△ Love looks not with the eyes, but with the mind, and therefore is winged Cupid painted blind. -----Shakespeare
真正的爱情不是用眼睛而是用心灵去看的，所以长着翅膀的爱神丘比特被画成了瞎子。——莎士比亚
7. 方式副词从句的倒装：as/so后面主谓倒装：
△ As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue.
正如烈火考验真金，逆境也能考验人的美德。
8. 比较副词从句的倒装：as后面主谓倒装：
△ They looked upon him as a trusted friend, as did many others he had deceived.
正像他欺骗了很多人一样，他们也把他当作了可信赖的朋友。
9. 时间副词从句的倒装：主要用于文学语体
△ She will be twenty-one, come May. (=when May comes.)
到了五月她将满21岁了。
